According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2018, around 228 million malaria cases were reported with an estimated number of 405,000 fatalities.
Among them, malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Mosquitoes are vectors of numerous diseases, including malaria, chikungunya, Zika virus, or yellow fever. In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models, as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. The present work reviews various studies about the development and use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquito-borne malaria control in the outdoor environment. The encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development of invention of repellent based systems. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. Personal protection against mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic.
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